Definition of educaton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Definition of educaton - Essay Example The first and foremost important requirement for any educated person is knowledge as it is required in order to make any decisions about what to do, say or believe. This knowledge should encompass both fundamental or foundational knowledge as well as non-foundational knowledge. The former includes matters which are basic such as the earth we live in and the matter surrounding us. However this information may not be of any practical value but they will definitely help people to gain an understanding about reality and their surroundings and also will lead to further inquiries. The non-foundational knowledge is more specific, limited and detailed in nature such as knowing the composition of common salt or understanding the functioning of the human system. Individuals should definitely possess the foundational knowledge as it sows the seeds for further reasoning and inquiry. In addition to possessing knowledge educated people should also have the skills and abilities that will help them to apply their knowledge to practical use. This includes skills to do work, speak, listen and think. The right thinking skills will enable a person to make rational and intelligent decisions. The thinking skills include a general and a specific component.

Titration of Acids and Bases Essay Example for Free

Titration of Acids and Bases Essay Introduction According to Arrhenius definition, acid is substance that produces H3O+ ion while base is substance that produces OH- ions. The reaction between acid and base often yields the products of salt and water. The formation of water in this neutralization reaction is caused by the combination of H3O+ and OH- ions. In order to determine the concentration of an unknown acid and base, a method called acid-base titration is used. The end of the titration has been reached when the moles of acid equals the moles of base. This is called the equivalent point. However, end point os the actual point that is reached in neutralization reaction. End point is signalled by the change in color of the solution because of the presence of pH indicator. The common used indicator is phenolphthalein; it is colorless in acidic solution and pink in basic solution. In this lab, the concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was determined by using a known amount of Potassium Hydrogen phthalate (KHP). The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is: KHC8H4O4(aq) + NaOH(aq) = H2O(l) + KNaC8H4O4(aq) (1) KHP was chosen as a good acid to standardize NaOH because it has high molecular weight and stable on drying. The standardized NaOH solution was then used to determined the percent composition of KHP in an unknown substance #47. Experimental Information Part 1: Standardization of NaOH NaOH solution was prepared by taking 75mL. NaOH from stock solution and then diluted to 750 mL with DI water in Nalgene bottle. Three samples of KHP were weighed on analytical balance model BP2505, and placed in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask. The samples of KHP were warmed up on hot plate to dissolve in Erlenmeyer flasks with 100 mL of DI water added. Two drops of indicator phenolphathalein were added to each flask after KHP completely dissolved. The 50 mL buret was rinsed with DI water and the prepared NaOH solution. The buret was then filled with NaOH solution with the initial volume of each trial recorded. The NaOH solution was slowly dropped into the flask contained KHP solution for titration from the buret. The flask was swirled often for the reactants for mix thoroughly. The KHP solution in the flask turned light pink when the end point had been reached. The final volume of NaOH was recorded. The volume of titrant NaOH used was determined by subtracting the initial volume NaOH from the final volume NaOH marked on the buret. The mole of KHP was calculated by dividing the mass of KHP used in each trial to the molar mass of KHP. Moles KHP = mass, g x 1 mole204.23 g (2) The mole of NaOH was equal to the mole of KHP based on the balanced chemical equation (1), since the ratio is 1:1 Moles NaOH = moles KHP (3) The concentration of NaOH was calculated by dividing the mole of NaOH to the volume of NaOH used to titrate. [NaOH] = moles NaOHL, NaOH used to titrate (4) The volume of titrant NaOH used was determined by subtracting the initial volume NaOH from the final volume NaOH marked on the buret. The mole of NaOH was calculated by multiplying mean [NaOH] from part 1 by the volume NaOH used. Mole NaOH = mean [NaOH] x volume NaOH used (5) The mole of KHP was equal to the mole of NaOH based on the balanced chemical equation (1), since the ratio is 1:1. Moles KHP = moles NaOH (6) The mass of KHP in the sunstance #47 of each trial was calculated by multiplying the moles of KHP to the molar mass of KHP. Mass KHP = moles KHP x 204.23g1 mole (6) The percent composition of KHP in the substance was calculated by dividing the mass of KHP found to the mass of substance of each trial. % KHP = grams KHPgrams of substance #47 x 100 (7) Results and Discussion In part 1, the concentration of NaOH in trial 1, 2, and 3 was determined to be 0.1054 M, 0.1052 M and 0.1048 M respectively. Therefore, the mean [NaOH] was 0.1051M +/- 0.0003. The amount of NaOH solution used to titrate was about 0.023 L per 0.49g KHP. The concentration of NaOH calculated from three trials was pretty precise. However, trial 3 gave the result with the greatest in difference compared to trial 1 and 2. Thus, the possible source of error in trial 3 could be inaccurate reading og volume of NaOH solution used to titrate. Also, there could be loss in the amount of KHP when transferred to the flask after weighed. Those two factors could lead to inaccurate calculation of moles of NaOH as well as concentration of NaOH. In part 2, the percent of KHP in substance #47 in trial 1, 2, and 3 was calculated to be 55.96%, 55.87%, and 55.37%. Therefore, the mean percent KHP was 55.73%. The amount of NaOH solution used to titrate was about 0.018L per 0.69g substance #47. The results of percent KHP of three trials compared to each other were precise. There was no literature value of percent of KHP in substance 347 provided to calculated percent error. However, the possible sources of error could be inaccurate reading of volume NaOH used, loss in amount of substance while transferred from weigh paper to Erlenmeyer flask or over titrating. The important steps to get the most accurate in calculation for [NaOH] and %KHP were to read and record data carefully. Also, avoiding over titration was extremely important. It could be done by carefully letting NaOH solution go down drop-by-drop and constantlt swirl the flask for the reactants to mix completely. Conclusion The molarity of NaOH solution based on three trials was 0.1051 +/-0.0003 M. The percent KHP in substance #47 was 55.7 +/-0.3%. The significant point of this lab was to determine the end point of a reaction between an acid and a base. The data collected from the end point gave the amount of base needed to react with an acid when once wanted to perform neutralization reaction. Another significant point was that by using NaOH solution with a known concentration, the percent KHP in a substance could be determined after perform the titration process. References Anliker, Keith et al. Experimental Chemistry II. Indianapolis: Hayden McNeil , 2008, pp.47-52

Sports - For Men ONLY Essay -- Research Essays

Sports - For Men ONLY Many people have the stereotype that males are more aggressive than females. How a person develops this belief is one aspect of the research that I will study. It may be because it is only politically correct to be so. Since this is true, it is also believed that men prefer to enjoy aggressive athletics more than women do. I am a huge fan of almost any type of team sport. You name it, I probably enjoy it. I am not sure why this is true. It could simply be because I’m a guy, or because I was raised watching sports or because I played high school athletics for a year. This is why I decided to choose this interesting topic. I wanted to know if it is true that men enjoy watching physical team sports than women enjoy them. Furthermore, if this is true, I wanted to find out why it is that way. Physical team sports include football, basketball and hockey. Despite this claim, there may be some people who do not find this true. Many females enjoy sports. I am a friend with many women who enjoy football, especially. There are even guys who do not even know that sports may exist. They have more important things to worry about in life. I find this hard to believe, because I was raised following and loving sports. This is why I will prove that men enjoy sports even more than popular belief. Many methods were used in an attempt to prove or disprove my hypothesis. I performed a survey on ten college students, I observed a group of people watching athletic events and I also observed television commercials to determine if advertisers are more biased toward men for athletics. Later, in order to establish further proof to my conclusions, a final interview was used on four college students. For th... ... successfully prove my hypothesis. Surely, more men enjoy watching and participating in physical athletics such as football, basketball and hockey than women do. I was able to prove this through the survey, case study and interviews administered. I also used commercials and advertisements to further assist the research. One can certainly see that through all four methods sports pertain to men a lot more than they do to women. This is believed to be so since there are more professional athletics available to men and also it is only proper for a man to watch sports due to what is ‘politically correct’. Women are ‘supposed to’ tend to the house and believe that there are more important things to life than just sports. I believe that society hopes eventually these stereotypes can be eliminated and sports will not be considered gender specific aimed toward men.

10th Grade Biology Textbook Analysis

10th Grade Biology Textbook Analysis: A Readability Study Teachers should consider assessing the textbooks they are planning to use in the classroom. Textbook evaluations and assessing students’ connections with texts are important tasks for content area teachers and students (Vacca, 2002). Teachers are constantly assessing the suitability of reading material for their students. Readability can be defined as the grade level at which a document is written. Readability is concerned with the factors that affect students’ success in reading and understanding a text.These factors include the legibility of the print and illustrations, the motivation and interest of the reader, and the reading level of the text in relation to the reading ability of the reader (Johnson, 1998). These key ideas of readability are at the heart of choosing the best textbooks for students. There are many readability formulas or indexes teachers can use to objectively measure the readability of textb ooks. Many readability formulas have been developed as a result of research evidence (Johnson, 1998).Most readability formula and index values are calculated by measuring sentence length and word familiarity or word length to determine a grade-level score for text passages (Vacca, 2002). There are several widely used readability formulas. The Fry Readability Graph was developed by Edward Fry in 1977 for the purpose of predicting readability. It is a quick and simple readability formula. He used the common formula variables of syllables per 100 words and words per sentence.The user marks the counts of the variables on a graph and then reads the readability grade score directly from it. The graph was designed to identify the grade-level score for materials from grade 1 though college and can predict the difficulty of the material within one grade level (Vacca, 2002). Flesch-Kincaid Formula was developed to be used as a US Government Department of Defense standard test. The formula use s two factors: the average number of syllables per 100 words and the average number of words per sentence.The score in this case indicates a grade level (Johnson, 1998). Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Index is automatically calculated on Microsoft ® Word documents. Microsoft ® Word will display readability statistics after it has completed a grammar check, which is accessible from the tool bar (Arnold, n. d. ). Dale-Chall Readability Formula has a 3,000 â€Å"familiar word† list which is used as a guide to identify â€Å"difficult words†. This formula uses two factors: the average sentence length and the percentage of unfamiliar, or difficult, words (Intervention, n. . ). Gunning’s ‘FOG’ Readability Formula is suitable for secondary and older primary age groups. Gunning proposed counting words of three or more syllables, assigning them as â€Å"hard words†. The formula is based on two counts, that of average sentence length and the percentage of â€Å"hard words† (Johnson, 1998). The ‘SMOG’ Formula tends to give higher values than the other formulas because it was intended to predict the level necessary for 90 – 100% comprehension of the reading material, i. e. when the SMOG formula yields a readability score of ten for a particular textbook, the students reading on a tenth grade level will be reading the material with 90 to 100% accuracy (Johnson, 1998). FORCAST Formula was devised for assessing US army technical manuals and is not suitable for primary age materials. But, because it is one of the only formulas that does not need whole sentences, it is suitable for assessing notes and test questions. The only factor used to calculate the FORCAST formula is the number of single-syllable words found in a sample of 150 total words (Johnson, 1998).According to Vacca (2002), the Close Procedure does not use a formula to determine readability. This procedure determines how well students can read a p articular reading passage as a result of their interaction with the reading material. In this method every nth word is deleted from the passage, leaving a blank in its space. The passage is given to students to fill in the missing words and the completed passage is used to evaluate students’ ability to accurately supply the missing words.The General Textbook Readability Checklist is a checklist that focuses on the understandability, usability, and interestability of a textbook. This purpose of this study was to examine textbook readability by applying several readability formulas, including the Fry Readability Graph, Flesch-Kincaid Formula, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Index, Dale-Chall Readability Formula, Gunning ‘FOG’ Readability Formula, McLaughlin ‘SMOG’ Formula, FORCAST Formula, Cloze Procedure and the General Textbook Readability Checklist, to a biology textbook titled, Modern Biology.Method Materials Materials used in this study included a 10th grade biology textbook, Modern Biology as well as the procedural guidelines for each of the readability formulas that will be used to assess the textbook. Procedure 18 passages were randomly selected from the Modern Biology textbook and the appropriate pages photocopied.The photocopied passages were then placed into 5 groups having three samples each (Fry Readability Graph Group- Appendix A, Flesch-Kincaid Formula Group- Appendix B, Dale-Chall Readability Formula Group –Appendix D, Gunning ‘FOG’ Readability Formula Group- Appendix E, and FORCAST Formula Group- Appendix G), and three separate groups containing one passage each (Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Index Group- Appendix C, McLaughlin ‘SMOG’ Formula Group- Appendix F, and Cloze Procedure Group- Appendix H). A more subjective measure was used in the General Textbook Readability Checklist (Appendix I).Procedures were followed for each of the Formulas and Indexes, and results were tabulated and rep orted. A brief summary and discussion were included in the write-up. Results and Discussion This purpose of this study was to examine textbook readability by applying several readability formulas, including the Fry Readability Graph, Flesch-Kincaid Formula, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Index, Dale-Chall Readability Formula, Gunning ‘FOG’ Readability Formula, McLaughlin ‘SMOG’ Formula, FORCAST Formula, Cloze Procedure and the General Textbook Readability Checklist, to a biology textbook titled, Modern Biology.As table 2 illustrates, the Flesch-Kincaid Formula (10. 8 grade, 15. 8 years old) was the only readability method that supported the teacher’s decision to use this textbook. The Fry Readability Graph (Table 1) indicated that the textbook was at an 8th grade level (13 years old). The remaining objective methods for readability, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Index refer to Table 3 (12 grade), Dale-Chall Readability Index (Table 4 -16 grade), Gunning â⠂¬ËœFOG’ Readability refer to Table 5 (13. 6 grade, 18. 6 years old), McLaughlin ‘SMOG’ Formula see Table 6 (13. 1 grade, 18. 1 years old), and the FORCAST Formula see Table 7 (12. grade, 17. 1 years old) indicated that the textbook reading would be too difficult for a 10th grader. In an attempt to produce a more cohesive point on the scale of readability, the averages of six tests (Fry Readability Graph, Flesch-Kincaid Formula, Dale-Chall Readability Index, Gunning ‘FOG’ Readabilty, McLaughlin ‘SMOG’ Formula, and the FORCAST Formula) were found for the textbook. As illustrated in Table 10, the average grade for this text is found to be at the 12th grade. The Close Readability Procedure results also indicate that the reading level is to difficult for the 10th grade class (Table 8).According to the General Textbook Readability Checklist the textbook is strongest in its usability and weakest in its understandability (Table 9). I really am not surprised that the results indicate that the textbook is too difficult for the 10th grade student. Science textbooks are probably inherently more difficult to read because the subject matter is more complex as is the terminology. Although these tests didn’t provide the desired results, there is a lot of similarities between them and I believe that they are still good measures of the readability of textbooks.

Oedipus Rex Essay

I believe the main point Sophocles was trying to convey in the story â€Å"Oedipus Rex† was that you have to be accountable for your actions. He shows this by the use of dramatic, situational, and many more different kinds of irony. Sophocles also uses foreshadowing to show how Oedipus needs to be accountable for his actions. Sophocles is teaching his audience an important life lesson. Sophocles shows his audience that you have to be accountable for your own actions. He does this by showing the audience that no one could have stopped Oedipus from fulfilling his life’s prophecy. In the play â€Å"Oedipus Rex† Sophocles tells the story of a man, who is now king of Thebes. He was born in a different land and was told a prophecy that he would kill his own father and wed his mother. When he heard this he fled from the land and came to Thebes where he claimed the throne and became their king. Oedipus is a head strong person. Who often doesn’t think before he speaks, such as when he says, â€Å"And for myself I pray that if he should, with my knowledge, become a resident of my house, I may suffer the same things which I have just called down on others. Oedipus says this not knowing that he himself is the murderer and that he will punish himself. Oedipus also makes judgments and decisions before he knows all the facts. One example of this is when Creon says, â€Å"Kinswoman, Oedipus, your husband, wants to do one of two terrible things to me, either thrust me from the land of my fathers or to arrest and slay me. † Oedipus is so angry with Creon that he does not think before accusing him even though Creon is trying to protect Oedipus. Since Oedipus’ character is flawed it helps support Sophocles’ point of saying that you are accountable for your own actions. This is shown the best when Oedipus tells his wife, Jocasta, that while he was traveling to Thebes he ran into a man on the road who tried to push Oedipus from the path. Oedipus, having a short temper, struck out and slayed all the men in and leading the carriage. This was not a good thing to do in the first place, but what Oedipus did not realize was that the man in the carriage was Laius. Laius was the former king of Thebes and was Oedipus’ biological father. When he killed Laius he fulfilled half of his prophecy. This fulfillment is also an example of situational irony. It is situational irony because Oedipus believed he would be the hero and banish the murderer of Laius from the land. He believed he would end all the suffering, but in fact he was the murderer. Another example of irony that supports Sophocles’ idea that you are accountable for your actions is when Oedipus says, â€Å"†¦ who declared that I was doomed to slay my father? But he is dead, and lies beneath the earth, and here I am, not having put my hand to any spear†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This is dramatic irony. Dramatic irony occurs when the audience knows more than the characters in the story. In which case things said and events in the story take on different meanings to the characters and to the audience. In this case Oedipus thinks he has overcome his life’s prophecy because he did not kill the man he believed to be his father. But the audience knows that Oedipus’ real father is Laius. The audience also knows that Laius was the man on the road that Oedipus murdered. So to the audience this just ads to the suspense of Oedipus finding out that he is the murderer. Foreshadowing also plays a huge role in showing Sophocles’ point that you are accountable for your own actions. In the play, Oedipus Rex, foreshadowing is used in the lines said by Jocasta, â€Å"No. Soon after he returned and found you ruling in Laius’ stead, he pled with me, with hand laid on mine, to send him to the fields, to the pastures of the flocks, that he might be far from the sight of this town. † This is foreshadowing because the audience knows that the man fled because he saw Oedipus, the same man who had murdered his king, ruling the city. Oedipus though only now is starting to question the event in which he killed men on the same road that the Laius was killed on. This is a foreshadowing of Oedipus finding out that he is Laius’ son and that he fulfilled the prophecy by killing his father and marrying his mother. Sophocles was trying to convey the message that you are responsible for your actions because you never know what might happen because of your mistakes. He shows this message in â€Å"Oedipus Rex†. He uses irony, foreshadowing and the flaws in Oedipus’ character to relay his message.

History of the Answering Machine Essays

History of the Answering Machine Essays History of the Answering Machine Paper History of the Answering Machine Paper be cause ATT did little, if anything at all, to encourage them CA Second Try, 2006). So some organizations began to run their own private telephone or telegraph systems. For example, in 1 926, the Columbia Company, which manufactured dedication office equipment, announced its Telecoms, an electric telephone r accorder. (Telephone Recording Finds, 2006). ATT started to evaluate these devices and received request from customers to use them. However, they decided not to allow ordinary consumers to install t machines on its public network. However, demand for telephone answering machine use grew and in 1 930, ATT modified its rules. They allowed the use of the Tell cord in conjunction with a Private Branch Exchange a small switchboard installed in office buildings. Yet the answering machine use was restricted, expensive, and unpin popular with users (Telephone Recording Finds, 2006). Despite problems in the US. , in 1 935, Wily Mueller invented the first complete automatic answering machine. It stood three foot tall and therefore didnt pro did much practicality. However, it did prove very popular amongst Orthodox Jews would couldnt take calls on the Sabbath (Verna, 2012). Europe however was moving much more rapidly in the industry. In 1 936, a SW company introduced a commercially successful answering machine called the Siphon. The Siphon recorded sound magnetically on steel tape. However, it was not a machine for the individual or home it was much too expensive. When users of the Sop hon. wanted to retrieve their messages, they dialed the machine to the central off CE and retrieved their calls using a crude form of voice recognition. Owing to its high price, the Siphon managed to only survive for a short while, but led to more refined IM provisions 8 (Verna, 2012). Back in the United States, the first commercial answering machine was launch De in the year 1949. It was known as the Talented and recorded incoming mess ages and played them back on a magnetic wire. It was priced at about $200 and WA s unable to capture the market due to its high price (Verna, 2012). Due to inventions like the Talented, AT started looking for alternatives. They developed a technology in 1 936 that allowed customers to forward calls to a whiteboard where live operators could take calls and write down messages. I interesting enough, AT had been developing sound recording technology since the 192 Cos. They just didnt like the technology because if the public could record calls easily, the e sense of privacy in communication would be lost, and business would decline (AT Its Response, 2006). In 1 958, ITT introduced its Codename business answering machine, and in 1961 offered a lowing price for small business and individuals. It sold very we II in the U. S. To independent telephone companies, which covered a lot of customers ( Non ATT, 2006). The year 1960 was a significant turn of events with the invention of the first commercially successful answering machine known as the Seafood. Invented by DRP. Kazoo Hashishs, it was very compact and sophisticated (Verna, 2012). In 1 962, Robotics Inc. Of New York introduced the Robinsons Secretary, another inexpensive databases answering machine. In 1 963, they introduced the Recording which featured remote message retrieval (Non ATT, 2006). 9 Back in Europe at this time (the mid sasss), developments were moving more slowly and the size of the U. S. Answering machine market was bigger than Euro peps (Non ATT, 2006). By the 1 asss, inexpensive and imported telephones became popular and ma were installed in American homes. At about the same time telephones were b common cheap, so were answering machines and they were becoming more convenience NT to use due to the appearance of inexpensive microelectronics. Answering machines cost only from about $1 25600. The low costing answering machines became more CEO inimical to buy than to rent and sales of them began to grow and reached 400,000 in 1 978 (Answering Machines in, 2006) An example of such an inexpensive answering machine was the Phonated which was introduced in 1 971. It was specifically designed to meet the needs home and weighed only ten pounds and held up to 20 messages on tape (Ever mar 2012). The sasss brought the emergence of the cell phone and their built Voice feature, which in turn, brought the decline of the answering machine. On top of that, many telephone providers offered inexpensive and centralized biochemical as a standard feature in home telephone lines (Verna, 2012). Since the sasss, the number of households with answering machines has declined about 50% in the U. S. (The Triumph of the, 2006).

Archaeology and the Public essays

Archaeology and the Public essays American society throughout the past century has been highly influenced by the continuous and almost predictable routine that the National Graphic Magazine has developed over its hundredth year of publication in 1988. As the credible all-American geographical information database, the National Geographic attempts to create themes idolizing the thrill of seeking historical treasures and remains and at the same time portray the cultural differences that span the globe. Though the times have drastically changed over the past hundred years, the subject matter the National Geographic Magazine uses usually combine a number of the following themes: cultural expansion and transformation, discovery of the unknown, personal ambitions, informational resourcefulness, patronage of American values and democracy, international cooperation, and obviously preservation of historical evidence and treasures of ancient civilizations. In this way, the National Geographic Magazine could be responsible for the manipulation of stories to provide the most interesting and visually stimulating presentation possible. While the primary principle of the magazine is absolute accuracy, the secondary principles pertain to stories featuring only pleasant non-partisan views, and avoid cultural criticism, specifically with information relating to values and religion. The National Geographic Magazine mirrors the path America has taken to reach the point that we are at today. This can be explained for multiple reasons, including the service of political and military figures as directors of the National Geographical society, informational contributions regarding national and international policy, and through sharing the databases of maps and photographs with government sectors. In Joan Geros and Dolores Roots, Public presentations and private concerns: archaeology in the pages of National Geographic the coverage of...

How to Conjugate the Verb Uscire in Italian

How to Conjugate the Verb Uscire in Italian Uscire Can Be Defined As To leaveTo come/go outTo exitTo emergeTo stick outTo protrudeTo be publishedTo appear What to Know About â€Å"Uscire† It’s an irregular third-conjugation verb, so it does not follow the typical -ire verb ending pattern.It’s an intransitive verb, which does not take a direct object.The infinito is â€Å"uscire.†The participio passato is â€Å"uscito.†The gerund form is â€Å"uscendo.†The past gerund form is â€Å"essendo uscito.† Indicativo/Indicative Il presente io esco noi usciamo tu esci voi uscite lui, lei, Lei esce essi, Loro escono Ad esempio: Esco dall’ufficio. - I’m leaving the office.I bambini escono tra mezz’ora. - Kids will be leaving in half an hour. Il passato prossimo io sono uscito/a noi siamo usciti/e tu sei uscito/a voi siete usciti/e lui, lei, Lei uscito/a essi, Loro sono usciti/e Ad esempio: Sei uscito ieri sera? - Did you go out last night?I cornetti sono appena usciti dal forno! - The sweet-buns have just come out of the oven! L’imperfetto io uscivo noi uscivamo tu uscivi voi uscivate lui, lei, Lei usciva essi, Loro uscivano Ad esempio: Usciva dal carcere e ha deciso di cambiare la sua vita. - He got out of prison, and he decided to change his life.Marco e Giulia uscivano spesso insieme. - Marco and Giulia used to go out together often. Il trapassato prossimo io ero uscito/a noi eravamo usciti/e tu eri uscito/a voi eravate usciti/e lui, lei, Lei era uscito/a essi, Loro erano usciti/e Esempi: Ero uscito/a a bere con amici. - I was out drinking  with friends.Eravate davvero usciti con quella pioggia? - Did you really go out with all  that heavy rain? Il passato remoto io uscii noi uscimmo tu uscisti voi usciste lui, lei, Lei usc essi, Loro uscirono Ad esempio: Il suo primo libro uscà ¬ nel 1975.   - Her first book came out in 1975.Senza dire niente Silvia uscà ¬ dalla stanza. - Without saying a word Silvia left the room. Il trapassato remoto io fui uscito/a noi fummo usciti/e tu fosti uscito/a voi foste usciti/e lui, lei, Lei fu uscito/a essi, Loro furono usciti/e TIP: This tense is rarely used, so don’t worry too much about mastering it. You’ll find it in very sophisticated writing. Il futuro semplice io uscir noi usciremo tu uscirai voi uscirete lui, lei, Lei uscir essi, Loro usciranno Ad esempio: Uscir quando ha finito il suo compito. - She will go out when she has finished her homework.Domani usciremo con mamma e pap! - Tomorrow we will go out with mom and dad! Il futuro anteriore io sar uscito/a noi saremo usciti/e tu sarai uscito/a voi sarete usciti/e lui, lei, Lei sar uscito/a essi, Loro saranno usciti/e Ad esempio: Ieri sera saranno usciti insieme. - They must have gone out together last night.Non so dove sia Giulia, sar uscita e non me ne sono accorta. - I don’t know where Giulia is, she must have gone out and I didnt  realize. Congiuntivo/Subjunctive Il presente che io esca che noi usciamo che tu esca che voi usciate che lui, lei, Lei esca che essi, Loro escano Ad esempio: È fondamentale che tu esca da qui in questo momento. - It’s important that you get out of here now.Speriamo che escano i miei numeri fortunati alla lotteria. - Let’s hope my lucky numbers came out in the lottery. Il passato io sia uscito/a noi siamo usciti/e tu sia uscito/a voi siate usciti/e lui, lei, Lei sia uscito/a essi, Loro siano usciti/e Ad esempio: Penso che il loro primo disco sia gi uscito. - I think their first album already came out. L’imperfetto io uscissi noi uscissimo tu uscissi voi usciste lui, lei, Lei uscisse essi, Loro uscissero Ad esempio: Cosa faremmo se stasera io uscissi con voi? - What would we do if I went out with you all tonight? Il trapassato prossimo io fossi uscito/a noi fossimo usciti/e tu fossi uscito/a voi foste usciti/e lui, lei, Lei fosse uscito/a essi, Loro fossero usciti/e Ad esempio: Vorrei che tu fossi uscito/a con me in discoteca ieri sera. - I wish you could have gone out with me to the club last night.Pensavo che i risultati fossero gi usciti! -   I think the results have already come out! Condizionale/Conditional Il presente io uscirei noi usciremmo tu usciresti voi uscireste lui, lei, Lei uscirebbe essi, Loro uscirebbero Ad esempio: Uscirei con voi, ma sto male. - I would go out with you all, but I’m sick.Se fosse domenica usciremmo con voi. - If it was sunday we would go out with you. Il passato io sarei uscito/a noi saremmo usciti/e tu saresti uscito/a voi sareste usciti/e lui, lei, Lei sarebbe uscito/a essi, Loro sarebbero usciti/e Ad esempio: Avevo promesso che oggi sarei uscito dall’ufficio presto, perà ² gi sono le ventuno. - I promised that today I would have left the office early, but now it’s already 9 PM.

Effects Of Violence And Disease On The Kenyan Economy Research Paper

Effects Of Violence And Disease On The Kenyan Economy - Research Paper Example There is the element of that aspect of ethnic violence that is due to numerous disputes over land and the distribution of power and wealth, stemming from disputes that first arose during the time of the colonial masters, and taking deeper root from the time of independence in 1963 moving forward. The Rift Valley and Nairobi slums have been targeted as the areas with the most profound violence in the country, even as violence is not isolated in that region, but spread over along ethnic lines. The Kikuyu tribe, making up about 20 percent of the population, and politically and economically influential, has had clashes with competing for ethnic groups such as the Luo, among the most prominent of which is the violence that erupted in 2008, tied to the elections. It is hard to quantify the economic impacts of such violence, and the number of casualties seems to pale in comparison to the dead in such places as Rwanda, but the consensus is that violence in some form or other has had some imp act on the development of the Kenyan economy through the years. The effects of disease and poor health on the economy, in particular, are dire, pervasive, and chronic, affecting longevity and workforce numbers and quality, and affecting the ability of the Kenyan economy to fund growth and other drivers of long-term economic wellness, such as education, and threatening to pull the country into a vicious cycle where the continued deterioration of the health of the Kenyan population translates to poorer and poorer economic outcomes.... face a growing list of persistent and chronic health crises that crippled the country's ability to adequately address all of these health problems and grow the economy. It is a chicken and egg affair. As more Kenyans meet with devastating health afflictions, such as tuberculosis malaria, and AIDS, the greater their burden on the nation's coffers, which in turn caused the country to suffer reversals versus its economic goals. Moreover, the impaired health and longevity of its citizens translated to a less capable workforce, which also had the effect of stunting overall economic growth. Indeed, at present, about half of the Kenyan population lives in poverty, while the longevity rates have gone down from a peak of 62 years in the late 1980's to just 53 years twenty years hence (Center for Strategic & International Studies). Data from UNICEF largely corroborate the steep plunge in expected longevity rates for the country, dropping to just 44 years according to UNICEF largely due to the outbreak and chronically high levels of the incidence of AIDS/HIV in the country (UNICEF). The numbers relating to the incidence of crippling diseases, including malaria, AIDS, other infectious illnesses, and tuberculosis, have remained at chronic high levels since that time. To add to this, recent trends are that the country is facing an epidemic of other chronic ailments, including heart disease, diabetes, and different kinds of cancers, further adding to the national burden, increasing the financial requirements to meet health care needs, and further stressing the national economy. The health care burden is huge relative to the capacity of the Kenyan national government's ability to meet it financially, and is the starting point of a vicious circle that threatens to keep the Kenyan

Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Argument - Essay Example This argument is evident from the existence of procedures such as parole where an individual who has not finished their sentence in its entirety is evaluated to determine whether they have learnt from their mistakes and if it is established that they have, they are released earlier than the determined date with external supervision However, society does not treat ex felons like the prison system works as it is intended by doing such things as taking away their voting rights. It can be said that by doing this the government is expressing its lack of faith in the correctional system they have set up for if one has truly learnt from their mistakes and has become a better person should they to be allowed to vote? The fact that they are expected to do fulfill other obligations such as pay their taxes but they are not allowed to choose the leaders of their country also demonstrates a level of unfair treatment of these ex-felons (Kevin). Once a felon is released after serving their term it is said that they have paid their debt to society and thus they should be given the same rights as any other citizen in the country, this includes the right to vote. Denying ex-felons this right also demonstrates a level of stigmatization as well as they are cast aside from a process that everyone else of legal age is able to participate in. This shows a lack of trust in them and treating them as if they are different from everyone else does not help in the effort to reintegrate them into society, which is what the government claims are their intentions after their release. There is also the simple argument that just because someone has gone to prison does not mean that they are no longer able to determine who they think should lead their country (Kevin). Treating ex-felons like they are no longer part of the country which is essentially what is being done when they are denied

Forced Migration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Forced Migration - Essay Example A major reason that has intensified forced migration is the international terrorism which is being driven by certain religious ideologies.   For instance, the notorious organizations like the Al- Qaeda and Taliban which have targeted the conversion of entire world in to Islam, consider all other religious groups as their foes.   This Spiritual Terrorism addresses itself as Jihad.   Although they are against all governments, their major concern seems to be the United States of America and some other European nations that have a colonial or imperial history. The global terrorism has left far reaching consequences on the social, moral and economic areas of the present world. People suspect the members of other ethnic groups and that leads to communal riots and violence in many parts of the world. The recent terror attacks and current warfare in the countries like Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, and Palestine etc. have produced thousands of refugees. The moral concept of the world is highly affected by terrorist distractions. Children and women are being exploited and victimized more than ever before. Crimes such as smuggling, looting and sex racketing flourish along with every terror attempt. Terrorists invest huge amounts in their operations to attract youngsters of poor financial and educational backgrounds.   The number of death and migration occurred during the terror attacks, and further due to the war against terror are beyond any statistics. Thousands of children every year become homeless and women miss their husbands and fathers for the sake of terrorism. Horrible uncertainty is prevailing in many of the countries which are having terrorist influence.  Unexpected climate changes and natural calamities also often compel people to move from one place to another. Irrespective of geographical differences every population is under the threat of forced migration which can be caused by climate change or other ecological catastrophe. Natural phenomena such as sea level rise, hurricanes and typhoons, drought, wildfire, heat waves, volcanoes, and earthquakes result in massive migration every year in many parts of the world. Millions of people become homeless who are often called ecological refugees. These causes are absolutely natural and there is no significant connection with any sort of global change. In addition to these environmental reasons, sometimes governments’ infrastructure projects also cause forced migration which can be attributed to global change. For instance, building of dams, roads or tourist resorts often demand people to leave their place. World Bank estimates that 90 million people were displaced in the 1990s as a result of infrastructure projects (Digby B, 2001). In fact there are only a few causes like globalization, financial policies, and infrastructure modification that are closely associated with global change.

Thomas edison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Thomas edison - Essay Example the day of his birth to have the commitment of trying more than a thousand times to light that luminous bulb, which unlocked the avenues of modern era of the human race. This calls for a tribute to this dedicated and triumphant inventor who brightened the world with his new source of light. Therefore, today, I will try to put some light on the life and achievements of this great inventor, Thomas Alva Edison as a personal way of giving honor and respect to him. This great inventor of the millennium, surprisingly, was unable to talk until his age of four (MacLeod & Krystoforski, pp. 11-14). However, since the age of four, family observed a miraculous change in Edison as he began to talk with keen interest and trying to know almost everything that existed around him. Although family members appreciated his interest, however, this created problem for his teachers as they gradually started taking Edison as a hyperactive and jumbled child. However, nobody knew that this child would be gifting one of the most precious gifts to the human civilization in future. Although this may sound funny, but Thomas once tried to try his luck in the acting before he began to test his invention; however, he was extremely shy person that inclined him to drop this idea. Nevertheless, he continued his fondness for reading and poetry that one often sees in a scientist or an inventor, and that is one of the extraordinary aspects of this great inventor. One more surprising thing about Edison was that at one stage, he began to dislike physics theories of Newton due to confusing terms; however, this even did not lessen his love for sciences (MacLeod & Krystoforski, pp. 23-27). This love for sciences and reading habits helped him a lot in understanding different scientific theories in his own way, another factor inclined him towards creating his own inventions. Belonging to a middle-class family, Thomas always felt the absence of a financial supporter, and for that, he put enormous efforts

Social Marketing-Does the kindly reminder on the package of cigarette Research Proposal

Social Marketing-Does the kindly reminder on the package of cigarette can affect the customer buying cigarette - Research Proposal Example 7). There are eight principles of social marketing namely â€Å"customer orientation, insight, segmentation, behavioural goals, exchange, competition, methods mix, and [social marketing] is theory based† (Janssen et al., 2013). Stead et al (2007) found that social marketing can be used to develop an effective framework directed at interventions in behavioral change and can serve as a toolkit that can help organizations change health behaviors. One of the basic principles of social marketing is focus on the audience. Marketing mix cannot be useful until each of its four P’s are designed with the preferences, attitudes, behaviors, and characteristics of the target audience in mind. An example of the significance of perspective of the audience during the intersection of environmental and cultural contexts is provided by Romer et al (2009) who have examined the mass media’s contribution in a campaign for prevention of HIV in sexually active high-risk African American adolescents while addressing misconceptions regarding the use of contraception. The strategy of segmentation, like many marketing interventions, particularly addresses the social desires and norms of cultural subgroup. Behavioral change interventions can be classified according to a plethora of frameworks, though none can be considered as conceptually coherent and comprehensive (Michie, Stralen, and West, 2011). For example, the UK’s Institute of Government’s MINDSPACE is a very influential report meant to serve as a checklist to guide policymakers with the most important behavioral influences (Institute for Government, 2010). MINDSPACE is the acronym that represents the initial letters of these influences i.e. â€Å"messenger, incentives, norms, defaults, salience, priming, affect, commitment, and ego† (Michie, Stralen, and West, 2011). However, all important types of intervention are not

Principles of Marketing Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Principles of Marketing - Article Example The difference in these two articles is that one does customers knowing and relations online and using technology while the explanation in the book utilizes both the traditional method and technological one (Kotler & Armstrong, 2015). In the article by (Wong, 2015), there is in depth analysis of advertisements growth and where it is headed in the future which is similar to what the article by (Kotler & Armstrong, 2015) explains which is all towards making customer satisfied by pinpointing their exact needs and wants. Both articles in short explain the need of advertisement as a marketing tool for a company’s products and services and using platform and ways that can reach most people at the same time. The creativity of the advertisements is what will bring customers’ interests in the products and what will eventually profit the company. When the advertisement addresses the right demands, needs and wants of the customers, they are bound to become loyal to the product and the brand in extension (Wong, 2015). Davenport, T., Mule, L. & Lucker, J. (2011, December). Know What Your Customers Want Before They Do. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2011/12/know-what-your-customers-want-before-they-do Wong, B. (2015, April 26). The Future of Advertising: Farewell, Mass Marketing. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from

Social Marketing-Does the kindly reminder on the package of cigarette Research Proposal

Social Marketing-Does the kindly reminder on the package of cigarette can affect the customer buying cigarette - Research Proposal Example 7). There are eight principles of social marketing namely â€Å"customer orientation, insight, segmentation, behavioural goals, exchange, competition, methods mix, and [social marketing] is theory based† (Janssen et al., 2013). Stead et al (2007) found that social marketing can be used to develop an effective framework directed at interventions in behavioral change and can serve as a toolkit that can help organizations change health behaviors. One of the basic principles of social marketing is focus on the audience. Marketing mix cannot be useful until each of its four P’s are designed with the preferences, attitudes, behaviors, and characteristics of the target audience in mind. An example of the significance of perspective of the audience during the intersection of environmental and cultural contexts is provided by Romer et al (2009) who have examined the mass media’s contribution in a campaign for prevention of HIV in sexually active high-risk African American adolescents while addressing misconceptions regarding the use of contraception. The strategy of segmentation, like many marketing interventions, particularly addresses the social desires and norms of cultural subgroup. Behavioral change interventions can be classified according to a plethora of frameworks, though none can be considered as conceptually coherent and comprehensive (Michie, Stralen, and West, 2011). For example, the UK’s Institute of Government’s MINDSPACE is a very influential report meant to serve as a checklist to guide policymakers with the most important behavioral influences (Institute for Government, 2010). MINDSPACE is the acronym that represents the initial letters of these influences i.e. â€Å"messenger, incentives, norms, defaults, salience, priming, affect, commitment, and ego† (Michie, Stralen, and West, 2011). However, all important types of intervention are not

Democracy and an Age of Democratization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Democracy and an Age of Democratization - Essay Example Two of the characteristics include competitive political parties and an independent judiciary. The presence of competitive political parties in the American democracy influences its ability to function effectively throughout the political system of the country. Political parties are so essential because they offer means through which citizens can be mobilized to support the vision of society. Mobilization happens during elections where the competing political parties, sell out their agendas and seek support from the public. During this process, the parties offer citizens with meaningful choices in the leadership of the country, and opportunity for participation in shaping their future nation. Within the political parties, the citizens interact freely to contest for public offices, express their vision for the society, and demonstrate their needs and interests (Gizzi et al 210). In an effective democracy, political parties develop a common vision for a significant group of the population so as to exert pressure on the political system of the country. This help to place the citi zens’ local interests on a national context. In the United State of America, citizens are usually divided on the basis of interests, policies, and leaders. This makes it easier for political parties to provide grounds for compromise as well as uniting the society. The political parties nominate leaders to assume leadership of the country and support them during the election period. They, therefore, form the main linkage between the government and the cultural, religious, ethnic, economic, and many other societal groups. Political parties also support certain legislation in an attempt to improve the welfare of the society and act on citizens’ interest (Gizzi et al 199).  

The Dangers of Concussions in US Sports Essay Example for Free

The Dangers of Concussions in US Sports Essay Concussions in Sports Given the potential for life threatening brain injuries or career ending head shots, concussions have become a growing problem in sports around the world. A phrase all too common in sports today is, he got his bell rung. This is, of course, referring to a big hit or gruesome body check sustained in a football or hockey game. Currently, there is a lack of suitable evidence to support the recommendations for the management of traumatic cerebralor brain injuries. Recognizing and managing the effects of concussions is especially important to those involved in the health care of athletes (Sports Related Concussions). Head injuries are inherent risks that can occur in any sport, not just football and hockey. The question is, how can we prevent these grim and life threatening injuries from happening? I believe neurocognitive research and on the field testing are among the most vital ways to manage concussions as well as benefit the health care of athletes. Background: In the United States, you have a 19% chance of suffering a concussion while playing a contact sport; moreover, over 300,000 sports related concussions occur annually. Among college football players, 34% have reported at least one serious head injury during their career; additionally, 20% of these injured athletes have sustained multiple head traumas. Concussions often cause significant and sustained neuropsychological impairments in information-processing speed, problem solving, planning, and memory, and these impairments are worse with multiple concussions (Sports Related Concussions). Definition: The brain is made of soft tissue cushioned by spinal fluid, and is encased in the hard, protective skull. When a person gets a head injury, the brain moves around inside the skull and bangs against it. This can lead to bruising of the brain, tearing of blood vessels, and injury to the nerves (Quinn). A concussion of the brain results in transient loss of consciousness or memory in many cases (Dictionary.com). NeurocognitiveTesting: Concussions and brain injuries are among the most difficult to identify. Very few athletes actually lose consciousness, which is one of the most common symptoms. Many athletes are simply fervent to return to the field, which could cause even more harm. Returning to play too soon after a brain injury or concussion, may lead to serious life-threatening complications. A computerized neurocognitive test, combined with a thorough medical exam, may better assist a trained physician with the return-to-play decision (Computerized). One particular evaluation tool, the ImPACT test, has become renowned among all professional sports teams. Developed by Dr. Joseph Maroon, a Pittsburgh Steeler neurosurgeon, the ImPACT test utilizes a twenty minute quiz involving words, pictures, and colors. Medical doctors analyze the results and compare them to a baseline test taken in the beginning of the athletes season (Yahoo Sports). With the increase of attention to sports related head injuries, doctors are seeing more and more tests and products that claim to identify or prevent head injuries. According to Dr. Lovell, mouthpieces, ear pieces, and helmets are great for research purposes, but they cant tell if someone has been injured or if they should be playing (Yahoo Sports). On-Field or Sideline Evaluation: When an athlete is suspected of having a concussion, one of the best ways to detect a serious head injuryis through the evaluation of symptoms, neurocognitive functioning, and balance immediately after the injury occurs. The National Athletic Trainers Association suggests a checklist such as, the Graded Symptom Checklist, should be used when evaluatinga head injury. By checking off symptoms and watching the athlete over a period of 72 hours, you can greatly reduce any chance of reoccurrence. Another suggested method of evaluation is the Standardized Assessment of Concussion Exam; this test utilizes four graded sections, which include: orientation, immediate memory, concentration, and delayed recall. This 30 point test can be completed in about five minutes and is easily given right on the side line during a game. Another test, the Balance Error Scoring System, can easily be performed by a trainer of coach. The athlete stands in three different positions and is timed for 20 seconds each; ultimately, the less coordination the player shows, the higher the risk of a concussion is evident (kch.illinois.edu). How do Concussions occur? Concussions can happen in any sport, at any time. They can occur during drills in practice, as well as in games. In fact, injuries during practice can be just as serious as those that happen during a game. Although more prevalent in contact sports, they may result from a fall, or when a moving object strikes a persons head. A blow that twists the head is more likely to result in loss of consciousness (Familydoctor.org). Mechanism of Injury: Studies show the most common mechanism of a concussion is when an athlete is moving at a high rate of speed and collides with another object (Quinn). Immediately, the brain shifts inside the skull and strikes the bony surfaces. A direct impact to an athletes head causes shock waves to pass through the skull to the brain. This violent impact creates acceleration which may lead to shear, tensile and compression forces. On average, three to five percent of all sport and recreational injuries are head injuries (Quinn), Signs and Symptoms: The signs of a concussion do not always immediately appear. Headache, amnesia, and confusion, dizziness, slurred speech, and fatigue are the most common symptoms of concussions. In addition, the duration of time that symptoms are present is often indefinable, and depends on the extent of the injury (Mayoclinic.com). Even a minor blow to the head can result in a concussion; if left untreated, it can result in a life-threatening complication (Internationalbrain.org). Sidney Crosby, a National Hockey League super star for the Pittsburgh Penguins, is currently not playing this post season after a concussion he sustained on New Years Day. Unfortunately, he was cleared to play the very next game, and suffered another blow to the head. Sidney was symptom free after the first hit, and apparently, he did not show signs of concussions until the second hit. Had Crosby been given a better on-ice evaluation, he would not have been cleared to play, and could have evaded the second concussion all together. Additionally, the problem is just as prevalent in the National Football League. At the University of North Carolinas Center for the Study of Retired Athletes, studies of brain injuries were performed on more than 2,500 former N.F.L. players. These studies found that cognitive impairment, Alzheimers-like symptoms and depression rose proportionately with the number of concussions the former athletes had sustained (Quinn). N.F.L. player, Andre Waters committed suicide in November 2004, and an explanation for his death has remainedunknown for years. He left a suicide note stating he would like to leave his brain for science to further study the effects of concussions. A Pittsburgh neuropathologist, Dr. Bennet Omaluh, was given permission to perform such tests. The doctor concluded that Mr. Waters had sustained brain damage from playing football, and said this led to his depression and death. The doctor determined that Mr. Waterss brain tissue had degenerated into that of an 85 year-old man with similar characteristics as those of early stage Alzheimers victims. Dr. Omalu said he believed that the damage was caused by successive concussions (neurosurgery.pitt.edu). I believe there needs to be congressional help in combating this difficult issue of athletic concussions. Wearing a good quality helmet, a mouthpiece, and strengthening the neck muscles can help prevent concussions; however, much responsibility lies on the doctors, coaches, and surrounding medical staff. Also, although athletes may be eager to return to play, they need to be honest with the examiner, telling him or her exactly how they feel (EHow.com). On the field baseline neurocognitive test may be our best hope for the time being, that is, until more research on concussions and the equipment players use can be conducted.

Globalization and Income Inequality in Latin America

Globalization and Income Inequality in Latin America Ivan Mendoza Globalization and Income Inequality in Latin America and The Caribbean Introduction Over the past two decades, â€Å"developing countries have gradually committed themselves to more engagement with the global economy by following the path of trade liberalization and openness toward international markets† (J.D.K. Chap. 10 p.416). As a result, â€Å"many developing countries have experienced increases in within- country income inequality. The growing income inequality has coincided with the period of increasing exposure of countries to globalization through an increased of trade flows and investment across international borders. These development have sparked a large debate in the academic and policy circles about the effects of globalization on income inequality within- countries† (J.D.K. Chap. 10 p.564). This paper will discuss whether globalization has contributed to within- country income inequality by focusing on one aspect of globalization, mainly the countries’ trade flows, specifically exports. Test- Hypothesis Considering that â€Å"the interest of developing countries might be more in line with those of the developed/ advanced countries, reflects the integration of emerging and developing countries to the global economy through a rapid pace of trade globalization to create opportunities that will create speed economic growth and development. This wave of trade liberalization has had a great impact on the income inequality within developing countries. Therefore, I argue that globalization should lead to an increase of the income inequality within emerging and developing countries, in other words, an increase in total trade (exports) is highly related to the increase of the income inequality within a developing country. Method and Data Collection In order to test the hypothesis that an increase in exports is highly related to the increase of the income inequality of developing countries, I will examine the economic growth and trade of emerging and developing countries, with emphasis on the region of Latin America and the Caribbean. Some of the countries in the region have experienced rapid economic growth and development, but â€Å"in the last years this growth has slowdown† (WEO p. 56), so examining their growth is a good way to study the effects of globalization and the within-country income inequality. Also, we might find other aspects of globalization that are associated with income inequality. In order to test the hypothesis, I collected data to show the economic performance of 32 developing countries in the Latin America and the Caribbean region covering the period of 1996-2013. This data has been collected from reliable sources such as World Economic Outlook (October 2014) released by the International Monetary Funds (IMF) and the World Development Indicators (WDI) report from World Bank (WB). This data contains the dependent variables and the expansionary variable along with other supplemental data. Moreover, to accomplish the objective of this paper; providing some evidences on the effects of globalization on income inequality within developing countries I will be using the following data table: (i) the Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) table, which shows the annual percentage economic performance for the selected developing countries, (ii) the Trade table, which shows the sum of exports and imports percentage in terms of GDP percentage, this reflects the integration of the countries in the global economy. (iii) the Exports of good and services table, since exports is a component of trade and GDP, it shows the effects of trade on GDP because if exports is positive, then GDP increases, (iv) Gini Index, which is the standard measure for income inequality. Relationship between the variables Considering the effects of globalization on the income inequality within a country, we have trade as the variable for globalization and â€Å"the amount of income inequality within a country is generally measured by using the Gini Index. The Gini Index ranges from 0 to 100, where a value of 0 indicates that everyone has the same income (that is, perfect inequality) and a value of 100 indicates that all the income is earned by one individual (that is, maximum inequality)† (p. 564). However, since most of these countries economy depends on trade, as we can see on the Trade (% GDP) table (high percentage means they import more than what they export/produce) to simplify the relationship between globalization and income inequality, I will using the Export of goods and services, which is one of the components of trade. So, using the data of Exports (% GDP) as the expansionary variable and Gini index as the dependent, we can see for the selected countries that have experience decreas e in Exports shares, can be associated with a decrease of income inequality. For example, in countries such as Colombia, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Paraguay and Peru after 2006 their exports have gone through a period of highs and lows along the same range and inequality has moved accordinly to the change in exports, but most of the time its been going down. Although inequality has gone in most of the selected countries, in cases such as Costa Rica and Panama, theres been period where Exports goes increase and the Gini index still goes down. This shows that the impact of Exports (trade) on income inequality is not significant as expected and that there might be other components of globalization affecting income inequality. Conclusion In conclusion, the evidences show that there is positive relationship between trade liberalization and the income distribution within developing countries in the Latin America and the Caribbean; As Exports (trade) increases/ decreases the level of income inequality, according to the Gini Index, increases/ decreases. However, we found that there is not a significant change on income inequality when Exports changes. Discussion Moreover, this finding provides an exploratory support to other hypotheses that other components of globalization might have a greater impact on within- country income inequality. â€Å"Other factors that drive income inequality are the importance of technology in virtually all sectors of the global economy, and the advances in information and communication technology (ICT) that helped make globalization possible.† (J.D.K. Chap. 14 p. 564). Source: World Economic Outlook (IFM p.189) https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/02/pdf/text.pdf Trade (% of GDP) Country Average20062007200820092010201120122013 (1996- 2005) Antigua and Barbuda37.6 119.7117.4116.3 105.1106.0104.897.8 Argentina 25.2 36.2 36.2 36.7 30.6 32.5 33.9 29.9 29.3 Bahamas, The 102.3 100.1 100.7 100.0 87.5 90.2 101.0 107.7 Barbados 88.8 94.4 94.4 99.6 86.0 96.9 93.0 96.8 Belize 115.2 122.8 122.3 131.9 107.7 115.6 124.3 Bolivia 51.4 74.5 76.1 82.9 68.6 75.5 82.5 85.1 Brazil 22.4 25.8 25.2 27.1 22.1 22.8 24.5 26.6 27.6 Chile 61.0 71.9 75.8 81.0 66.8 69.8 72.9 68.4 65.5 Colombia 35.1 38.2 36.3 38.1 34.3 33.7 38.7 38.2 37.4 Costa Rica 92.6 104.4 102.2 100.6 84.0 79.1 79.2 78.7 73.9 Dominica 101.7 89.8 93.1 99.4 87.3 90.9 86.9 88.6 Dominican Rep. 77.5 68.0 66.7 64.7 52.5 57.2 60.4 59.1 57.6 Ecuador 49.5 59.7 62.6 68.1 52.1 62.1 66.0 64.0 63.6 El Salvador 65.8 71.8 74.2 76.6 61.9 68.8 74.6 69.7 72.2 Grenada 99.5 80.1 82.4 77.7 69.4 70.9 74.0 73.3 Guatemala 55.9 66.8 67.9 64.1 57.1 62.1 64.0 61.0 58.6 Guyana 203.2 Haiti 47.8 59.5 52.2 56.9 56.7 73.7 67.6 61.4 Honduras 114.3 133.1 135.1 135.7 96.9 109.4 122.2 120.6 117.5 Jamaica 90.0 100.8 101.3 113.6 86.9 80.9 83.9 83.4 Mexico 51.3 56.4 57.1 58.1 56.0 60.9 63.7 66.4 64.2 Nicaragua 60.4 76.8 82.6 87.8 77.9 85.5 95.8 101.0 92.9 Panama 144.5 146.2 145.4 149.0 138.7 139.7 158.3 154.8 137.7 Paraguay 93.6 107.8 103.5 103.5 96.3 106.6 102.7 99.9 92.7 Peru 36.6 51.1 53.9 56.6 46.4 50.0 55.2 51.7 48.4 St. Kitts and Nevis 103.2 88.4 83.6 86.6 72.9 77.2 74.6 80.3 St. Lucia 116.1 112.7 105.1 114.5 101.0 113.0 106.7 103.6 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 103.4 88.0 89.8 92.2 86.0 84.0 84.6 85.7 Suriname 66.3 Trinidad and Tobago 99.2 118.7 102.3 107.1 90.9 92.4 151.0 Uruguay 43.1 62.0 59.2 65.2 55.3 53.4 54.0 55.8 Venezuela, RB 49.9 58.7 56.2 51.8 38.5 46.1 49.6 50.4 Source: World Development Indicators. http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/tableview.aspx?t=tableviewsavedlg=1 Exports of good and services (% of GDP) Country Average20062007200820092010201120122013 (1996- 2005) Antigua and Barbuda 65.0 48.0 45.1 46.4 46.6 46.1 47.6 46.3 Argentina 14.0 20.4 19.8 19.9 17.4 17.5 17.8 15.8 14.5 Bahamas, The 43.2 44.7 46.7 46.0 39.9 40.9 43.6 44.8 Barbados 42.3 44.9 45.3 46.0 41.5 46.3 39.3 42.5 Belize 52.5 61.1 61.1 62.3 51.6 58.2 61.2 Bolivia23.2 41.8 41.8 44.9 35.7 41.2 44.1 47.3 Brazil 11.3 14.4 13.4 13.7 11.0 10.9 11.9 12.6 12.6 Chile 31.2 42.4 43.8 41.5 37.2 38.1 38.0 34.2 32.6 Colombia* 16.0 17.6 16.5 17.8 16.0 15.9 18.7 18.3 17.7 Costa Rica** 45.3 49.1 48.7 45.4 42.3 38.2 37.2 37.2 35.1 Dominica 44.9 37.8 35.8 35.9 32.4 35.7 33.8 38.8 Dominican Rep.* 36.2 30.0 28.8 25.5 22.2 23.0 25.0 25.1 26.0 Ecuador* 24.0 30.3 31.9 34.2 25.2 28.7 31.5 30.9 30.5 El Salvador* 25.6 25.7 25.9 26.9 23.2 25.9 28.0 25.6 26.4 Grenada 39.1 23.0 24.9 23.0 22.6 21.8 23.7 24.1 Guatemala 22.5 24.9 25.6 24.7 24.0 25.8 26.6 24.9 23.7 Guyana 94.9 Haiti 12.6 14.5 13.2 12.7 14.1 12.1 13.4 13.3 Honduras 51.0 56.1 53.5 51.3 39.5 45.8 51.3 50.4 47.9 Jamaica 37.5 40.1 39.7 41.9 34.5 31.3 30.4 30.4 Mexico 25.4 27.6 27.7 27.9 27.3 29.9 31.2 32.631.7 Nicaragua 20.0 27.0 29.0 31.3 30.9 35.9 40.1 43.0 40.5 Panama** 73.9 76.7 76.1 78.7 75.5 70.6 79.3 79.8 71.0 Paraguay* 51.6 58.7 56.7 54.0 51.5 55.1 52.6 51.3 49.7 Peru* 17.5 30.2 30.5 28.4 25.2 26.6 29.7 26.6 23.7 St. Kitts and Nevis 42.2 37.4 33.7 31.3 23.9 28.8 31.3 34.3 St. Lucia 53.7 43.2 39.9 45.3 46.1 50.2 43.2 44.7 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 43.8 34.7 31.0 30.2 28.5 26.9 27.5 27.6 Suriname 24.5 †¦ Trinidad and Tobago 54.3 81.4 65.2 71.4 52.3 58.9 88.1 Uruguay21.3 30.3 29.1 30.2 28.0 27.2 26.8 26.2 Venezuela, RB 30.2 36.5 31.1 30.8 18.1 28.5 29.9 26.2 Source: World Development Indicators. http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/tableview.aspx?t=tableviewsavedlg=1 Change in Income Inequality is the Selected Countries http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/chart.aspx# Works Cited Frieden, Jeffry, and Lake, David, and Kenneth Schultz. Chapter Ten-â€Å"Development: Causes of the Wealth and Poverty of Nations†, World Politics: Interests, Interactions, Institutions. 2nd Ed. New York: W. W. Norton, 2012. p. 386-418. Print . Chapter Fourteen-â€Å"The Future of International Politics†, World Politics: Interests, Interactions, Institutions. 2nd Ed. New York: W. W. Norton, 2012. p. 534- 577. Print IMF (International Monetary Fund). World Economic Outlook. Washington, DC. 2014. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/02/pdf/text.pdf IMF (International Monetary Fund). Chapter Four: Globalization and Inequality. World Economic Outlook. Washington, DC. 2007. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2007/02/pdf/c4.pdf World Bank (WB). World Development Indicators. Trade (% of GDP) http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/tableview.aspx?t=tableviewsavedlg=1 World Bank. World Development Indicators. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/tableview.aspx?t=tableviewsavedlg=1 World Bank. World Development Indicators. Gini Index. Created 12/12/2014 http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/chart.aspx#

Is Assistance without Knowledge and Understanding Really Helpful? :: Essays Papers

Is Assistance without Knowledge and Understanding Really Helpful? According to the "demographic transition," after the industrial revolution death rates started falling more rapidly than birth rates causing an increase in population growth. When population growth drew the attention of scientists and policy makers in the 1950s, demographics and development in poor countries were the main concern but no real efforts were made to seek out solutions. Referred to as the World Population Conference, the first international meeting on population convened in 1954 in Rome. That year the Khanna study emerged as the first birth control program to have a control as well as a test population. Because the researchers expectations and schemas guided their perceptions and inquiries, biases plagued the Khanna study, which failed to show an effect of birth control on fertility rates. Foreign to the culture of rural India but aware of the serious population problem, the researchers developed the Khanna study with the assumption that the Punjabi people needed to and wanted to reduce their birth rates. In his book Myth of Population Control, Mahmood Mamdani explains that there was "a significant gap between the [researchers] perceptions and the reality of the village"(Mamdani, 35). The researching staff members were all of the urban, educated, middle class; they viewed children as financial burdens and therefore, believed that controlling birth rates would help Punjab move ahead economically. However, according to the article "New Perspectives on Population: Lessons from Cairo," it is "economic insecurity [that] encourages people to have large families"(Ashford, 31). Indeed, this was the case in the rural villages of Punjab, where people believe children are an asset to the family; more children mean more working hands. "Except for two staff members, no one was will ing to admit that the villagers might be acting rationally" when they choose to have many children (Mamdani, 48). Knowing and understanding the relationship of cultural, social, and economic factors in a population is clearly an integral part in forming successful assessments of and assistance to that population. The Khanna study researchers took for granted that the women in the Punjab villages who accepted the contraceptives were in fact using them. "Although 39 percent of the fertile wives had used the foam tablets, only 8 percent had used them consistently for four months or more" (Mamdani, 31). The researchers did not anticipate this confusion between "acceptance" and "use" because in their world of experience there was no difference between the two. Is Assistance without Knowledge and Understanding Really Helpful? :: Essays Papers Is Assistance without Knowledge and Understanding Really Helpful? According to the "demographic transition," after the industrial revolution death rates started falling more rapidly than birth rates causing an increase in population growth. When population growth drew the attention of scientists and policy makers in the 1950s, demographics and development in poor countries were the main concern but no real efforts were made to seek out solutions. Referred to as the World Population Conference, the first international meeting on population convened in 1954 in Rome. That year the Khanna study emerged as the first birth control program to have a control as well as a test population. Because the researchers expectations and schemas guided their perceptions and inquiries, biases plagued the Khanna study, which failed to show an effect of birth control on fertility rates. Foreign to the culture of rural India but aware of the serious population problem, the researchers developed the Khanna study with the assumption that the Punjabi people needed to and wanted to reduce their birth rates. In his book Myth of Population Control, Mahmood Mamdani explains that there was "a significant gap between the [researchers] perceptions and the reality of the village"(Mamdani, 35). The researching staff members were all of the urban, educated, middle class; they viewed children as financial burdens and therefore, believed that controlling birth rates would help Punjab move ahead economically. However, according to the article "New Perspectives on Population: Lessons from Cairo," it is "economic insecurity [that] encourages people to have large families"(Ashford, 31). Indeed, this was the case in the rural villages of Punjab, where people believe children are an asset to the family; more children mean more working hands. "Except for two staff members, no one was will ing to admit that the villagers might be acting rationally" when they choose to have many children (Mamdani, 48). Knowing and understanding the relationship of cultural, social, and economic factors in a population is clearly an integral part in forming successful assessments of and assistance to that population. The Khanna study researchers took for granted that the women in the Punjab villages who accepted the contraceptives were in fact using them. "Although 39 percent of the fertile wives had used the foam tablets, only 8 percent had used them consistently for four months or more" (Mamdani, 31). The researchers did not anticipate this confusion between "acceptance" and "use" because in their world of experience there was no difference between the two.

Jollibee Case Study Essay

1. Introduction Anil K. Gupta and Vijay Govindarajan argue in their article, â€Å"Knowledge flows and the structure of control within multinational corporations†, that mainly all previous research on strategic control within multinational companies (MNCs) has paid attention to why these choose to go abroad. They instead argue that for successful offshore business, one must understand how communication flows within the different sub-units of the organization. As Jollibee Foods Corporation considers whether they should establish a fourth store in Hong Kong, it faces several challenges. One of the main challenges regards knowledge transfer between its Filipino facilities and the newly established ones abroad. It is therefore relevant to look at the following research question: What consequences does the current â€Å"strategic control over its subsidiaries† have on the knowledge transfer between the Jollibee headquarters on the Philippines and the offshore Jollibee Food plants in Hong Kong? In answering the research question, we will start by explaining the framework of Gupta & Govindarajan’s (1991) on different kinds of subsidiaries, with attention paid to knowledge transfer and their related control instruments. Further we will examine what kind of challenges Jollibee Foods Corporation is facing with its expansion to Hong Kong. Finally, the above analysis will provide us with information about the existing opportunities on the Chinese market and will enable us to suggest a reconstruction of the offshore business in Hong Kong to make it more successful. Jollibee meets several tasks in their offshoring project, but due to space limitation there will in this paper only be focus on two selected challenges, the challenges of adjusting to Chinese taste and their management structure. 2. Jollibee Foods Construction and its strategic control over its subsidiary in Hong-Kong Gupta and Govindarajan (1991) proposed that there exists a certain association between different types of subsidiary units and the strategic corporate control of that subsidiary. They defined four ideal types as; Implementor, Global innovator, Integrated Player and Local Innovator, based on the amount of knowledge that flows and the direction of this knowledge, between the subsidiary and the rest of the MNC. Upon Tingzon ´s arrival the main strategy of the offshore business has been â€Å"flag planting†. Flag planting aims at establishing a presence in each market before competitors, and so, emphasizing at implementing customer expectation, influencing taste and building brand (case p. 11). The initial plan in Hong Kong has been to become one of the major players in the market fast. The previous international strategy meant that the subsidiaries in Hong Kong functioned as implementors. An implementor is characterized by a high degree of knowledge inflow from the headquarters but with a low degree of knowledge outflow; hence mainly applying the strategy used in the parent company without any local adaption (Gupta and Govindarajan 1991). Functioning as an implementor has meant that the established Hong Kong stores have not been engaged in any knowledge creation, but simply followed instructions from the Filipino headquarters. Furthermore one can argue that Jollibee’s approach to Hong Kong has been to primarily implement the already existing practices from the Philippines. For example, the menu offered in Hong Kong is almost the same as the Filipino one, knowledge of what to sell has simply been brought in from headquarter (case page. 12) Further evidence arguing for that the Hong Kong subsidiary has been operating like an implementor can be seen in the management transfer of the CEO’s brother-in-law, from the parent company to the Hong Kong subsidiary (case page 12). In addition, the store-level managers were all Filipino while little crew were Chinese and staffing problems consequently grew. To solve the problem the Manila based Franchise Service Manager worked continuously with Hong Kong for more than six months, without success. In 1997 a dispute over discipline between the four Chinese Managers, and the five Filipino Managers, resulted in the Chinese Managers leaving Jollibee with only Filipino crew left (page 12). This points towards the subsidiaries in Hong Kong adapting the characteristic of an implementor, e.g. pure inflow of knowledge from the parent company and little outflow of knowledge from the Hong Kong subsidiary. Furthermore is the overall â€Å"flag planting† strategy of Jollibee very i ndicative of the skewed power balance between Jollibee and its subsidiaries. 3. Organizational Challenges Jollibee experienced the internal challenges of organizational culture clash between its implemented Filipino workers and the Chinese staff. Furthermore the implementation of the international menu was not as successful as expected (case p. 13). The strategy of focusing on Filipino expatriates in new markets, might has helped Jollibee’s entry to the Hong-Kong market, since they already had a distinguished costumer group of Filipinos. But as Tingzon asks in the case â€Å"might we risk boxing ourselves into a Filipino niche that prevents us from growing enough to support operations in each country?† (case p. 11). We found that the expatriate-led strategy have prevented further expansion of the company on the Hong Kong market. This is due to the local knowledge that resides in Chinese workers and managers are not exploited when only employing Filipino managers. As stated above, in the early entry into the Hong Kong market, Jollibee did also employ Chinese managers but due to their sole implementation of inflows from headquarters, clashes arose between the Chinese and the Filipino managers. Furthermore one major challenge to successfully establish a fourth store and gain more market share is to adapt the prevailing menu to the Chinese taste. The main challenge for Jollibee now is how to realize, and best use, the knowledge that resides in Chinese workers. 4. Altering the Strategy for the Hong Kong Subsidiary From the above section we can conclude that there exists several challenges of how the subsidiary in Hong Kong has previously been structured, for example has one of the sub-franchisees tried to suggest changes to the menu. To be able to attract more local costumers he proposed low fat chicken and Chinese tea, as he sensed a demand for these products among the Chinese people (case p. 12). He has tried to implement these changes for several of months but has not yet received a go-ahead from the headquarters. This indicates that Jollibee mainly sees its subsidiaries as implementors, without any outflow of local knowledge to the other subsidiaries. But for Jollibee to succeed in opening a fourth store and increase its market share on the Hong Kong market, reconstruction and adaption to the local market is crucial. The top management saw a high profit potential in Hong Kong, and therefore urged Tingzon to open the fourth store. But as the profit potential is high, the competition in Hong Kong for similar food companies, such as McDonalds, is also very intense. Jollibee Food Construction does not have the competitive advantage of a first mover and is not alone on the market. For example has their main competitor, McDonald’s, both stronger brand recognition in the Hong Kong market and they are stronger financially. Hence Jollibee has to take on a different subsidiary strategy than the â€Å"implementor†, in order to success (Hymer p. 61). With this in mind the strategy of the Hong Kong sub-division can become a successful sub-division if it adapts the characteristics of a local innovator instead of trying to be an implementor, with both low inflow and outflow of knowledge. One main challenge for Jollibee is to attract more local employees and as Gupta and Govindarajan’s proposition 3 states; under norms and administrative rationality will the composition of the top-management for the specific subsidiary consist of mainly locals if the division acts as a local innovator (Gupta and Govindarajan 1991). As an implementor has the possibility for autonomous initiative been low while it as a local innovator exists space to adapt to the local environment, e.g. for Jollibee to take on a more Chinese menu. 5. Conclusion In conclusion, as Jollibee decide whether or not to establish one more store in Hong Kong, they have to look over their strategic control over its subsidiaries. As examined above, the company has mainly viewed their subsidiaries as implementors. We found this international strategy insufficient, and that it hindered them to fully exploit the market potential in Hong Kong. The prevailing challenges for Jollibee now is how to realize and best use the knowledge that resides in Chinese workers. Due to limitations of the paper, it is only a fraction of possible explanations that have been highlighted and these revolve primarily around the importance of increasing the local engagement in the Hong Kong subsidiary, and increase the local innovation towards more local taste. Hence we argue for Jollibee’s subsidiaries in Hong Kong to adapt towards a local innovator role. 6. Bibliography Case: Bartlett, C. A. (2001). Jollibee Foods Corporation (A): International Expansion. Harvard Business School Gupta, A.K.,Govindarajan, V. (1991). Knowledge flows and the structure of control within multinational corporations. Academy of Management, Review 16(4) 768-792 Gupta, A.K., Govindarajan, V. (2000). Knowledge flows within multinational corporations. Strategic Management Journal 21, pp. 473-496. letto-Gilles, G. (2005). â€Å"Hymer ´s seminal work†, in Part III Modern Theories in Transnational Corporations and International Production. Academic Books, Copenhagen Business School. Published by Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc. Schlegelmilch, B., Ambos, B., Chini, T. (2003/4). Are you ready to learn from your offshore affiliates? European Business Forum, 16

Kwame Anthony Appiah’s “The role of religion” Essay

Kwame Anthony Appiah, author of â€Å"The case for contamination† focuses on three main interrelated issues throw out his essay. Globalization, cultural diversity, and ethical consideration. Religion plays two major roles within this issues, claims made by people in favor of globalization and those against it. Religion can be used positively to protect culture in the idea of globalization, in the same way it can be a double-edge sword when relating to the role it plays in the issues at hand. Religion is a great way for individuals to keep in touch with their traditions as the process of globalization gets larger. Sipho is a very religiouse Zulu man, from the province of South Africa of KwaZulu-Natal. He was raised with strong traditions from his culture, but still has encounter and been affected by globalization in ways such as the television. He was heavily influenced by the soap opera â€Å"Days of Our Lives.† Sipho explains how the show helped him fix his relationshi p with his father, but certain aspects of the show like women dating before 20 were still completely unacceptable as it went against his believes and those of his people (Appiah 40). The role of religion in the process of globalization can also harm the situation. Preservationists fear globalization, and are scared it will negatively impact they’re culture. Every single human life is different from one another. We range from sex, religion and different cultural backgrounds, but still were all connected to one another no matter how we look at it, as deep inside were all the same. Whether it be throw media or conversation, were constantly being exposed to new ideas that help us transition better to change. Conversation is an important factor in social growth. We must learn what every individuals definition of living a normal life is before we can open our minds and learn to tolerate each other’s different rituals and ideals. Appiah is not saying to agree with every other cultural practice u come across, but throw conversation we can see different views on the  subject and grow to accept the values of our fellow brothers and sisters. Liberal cosmopolitanism is based on the premise of universal human dignity. It follows the idea that every human being has responsibilities to every other. Appiah’s father was a patriot of Ghana, Appiah explains how he remembers his father’s teaching that he was a citizen of the world. That he should work for the good of the places where he set tent, weather it had been for just a moment or a lifetime. Appiah is highly critical about emphasizing how humans can learn from the open mind examinations of alternative achievements. He recognizes the important values of localism and moderate nationalism. In his paper he quotes his favorite philosopher John Stuart Mill: â€Å"there is no nation that doesn’t need to borrow from others, not only particular arts or practices, but essential points of character in which its own type is inferior† (Appiah 62). Appiah believes humans have a common nature ranging from individual variations. This idea relates to his criticism of moral relativism. It is expected for principles like toleration, individualism, and benevolence to be of universal acceptance as the basics of a civilize organization, yet it’s 2015 and we still see countries killing one another for religious believes or being underappreciated for their sex or race.A proverb from Ghana Appiah’s home town renders: â€Å"In a single political order there is no wisdom† (Kuro koro mu mni nyansa.) In this world, there are so many different cultures and ethicnicities that it is impossible for us to decide what the correct way of living actually is. Another great example Appiah gives us on how society has changed in the last twenty years, look at the ideals behind gay marriage. Not too long ago Homosexuality was always kept hidden from everyone as it was viewed wrong. Now it is legal in most states to the point where they can actually get married. It’s a fact that as people become more confident about themselves it becomes more acceptable the more time passes by. When a person opens they’re mind towards the views of another they will come to peace in mind, as there is no right or wrong answer to any believe or tradition. Religion is a gate for us to feel at peace mentally and spiritually. Is a beautiful thing rich in faith and values, but with so many different believes all over the world no matter what our believes are it is crucial for us to love and accept one another.  In the end, were humans and all the same inside and out. Work Cited 1. Appiah, Kwame Anthony. â€Å"The Case For Contamination.† The New York Times. The New York Times, 31 Dec. 2005. Web. 15 Feb. 2015. 2. â€Å"Anthony Appiah â€Å"The Case for Contamination†Ã¢â‚¬  Google Docs. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2015. 3. â€Å"Will Dixon’s ECO 108 Site: Critical Analysis: The Case for Contamination.† Will Dixon’s ECO 108 Site: Critical Analysis: The Case for Contamination. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2015.

Since beginning

Since beginning, we are enjoying great client feedback, excellent customer service and have loads of satisfied customers. This is because of your hard work and enthusiasm to perform your individual tasks. L, as a Owner of restaurant, observed that cleanliness in our restaurant during closing times not top of things. As per our hotels food manager he is expecting this situation to be resolved immediately because the food inspector has scheduled a visit for sometime in the near future. Suggest the following actions to be reformed by all employees in order to keep the restaurant clean. Freeze bulk meat right away Sanitize your rubbish bin Wash surfaces people touch. Keep kitchen floors clean Divide the refrigerator by food groups Decide to keep or discard Items. Preserve the organization flow when placing appliances or foods back into the empty space. Examine each item and decide to place it back or toss in the trash. Empty the entire section. Clean the area thoroughly with a solution m ixture of warm water and dish soap. Wipe with a damp cloth and wipe again with a dry cloth .Gas range has to be clean properly. Clean your deep fryer as needed. If you use your deep fryer frequently, changing the oil and cleaning it every few days will help prevent a buildup of grime that can be much harder to remove. If you only use your deep fryer every couple weeks or less frequently, clean it after each use. Do not put your fryer In the sink or dishwasher. Immersion In water may cause an electrical short and damage the fryer. Although cleanliness In the restaurant Is the duty of all employees, we have to recognize our Individual responsibility for a clean and sanitize our environment.We have to follow HACK so please understand your individual responsibility for the cleanliness of restaurant which will result into a quick growth of our company and consequently a high increment in salary. Thank you all. Omit Giuliani, Managing Director Bolos 33 Duncan street Toronto,MAMMAL (999) 9 99_9999 MEMO By Unitarianism Dear Team Members, I anticipate that you all are fine and taking pleasure from your work at Bolos restaurant which is in Ultimate Resort and Spa. Since beginning, we are enjoying restaurant during closing time's not top of things.As per our hotels food manager he scheduled a visit for sometime in the near future. ‘ suggest the following actions to be Decide to keep or discard items. Preserve the organization flow when placing frequently, clean it after each use. Do not put your fryer in the sink or dishwasher. Immersion in water may cause an electrical short and damage the fryer. Although cleanliness in the restaurant is the duty of all employees, we have to recognize our individual responsibility for a clean and sanitize our environment.

Organizational Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 12

Organizational Behavior - Essay Example Ganesan was on temporary assignment at Kurunegala and was hoping to return to the central office in Colombo. In this case there is no communication about the appointment because the district manager is not aware, and the letter was from the top management. The scenario is depressing because the former manager was not demoted, promoted and neither was he transferred to another branch. In this situation, one feels insecure about the job and is not sure when he/she will lose the position. Insufficent flow of information by the top management and the district manager’s office exhibits lack of efficiency in the organization. As argued by Ferreira, Erasmus & Groenewald (2009), communication is the foundation of all relationships (p.94). The successful organization performance relies on the efficient transfer of details. Communication influences the operations of an organization and affects decision-making. It is, therefore, evident that the bank’s top management viewed Ganesan as the most appropriate individual to take over the position of the branch manager. From his experience of interacting with the community during his field assignments, he possessed a lot of information about what happened in the society. It is easy for him to be cautious when making decisions about loans. According to Taussig (2007), a successful bank manager must have the quality of excellent judgment (p.350). He/she must be able to make a good judge of businesses, as well as people . As the branch manager, I would establish the most efficient mode of communication. The Colombo National Bank did not have modern means of communication that contributed to a lot of time wastage. The organization needs a well-defined communication network that will enable communication and information to flow to the target group. The bank comprises of various people integrating internally and externally. Therefore, it is paramount to

Warfarin Therapy Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Warfarin Therapy Issues - Essay Example HAS-BLED is made up of the first letters to health issues that the schema addresses: Hypertension, Abnormal kidney and/or liver function, Stroke, Bleeding, Labile INR, Elderly, and Drugs and/or alcohol. Lip discovered during the research that the combined usage of both CHADS2 and HAS-BLED tools could have prevented many of the bleeding issues found in previous cases. The results of the combined testing would have shown that in the case of your mother, Lip would have known which other drugs on the market, would work better for her needs. This would be the true value of evidence-based practice.In using the search question â€Å"how does warfarin therapy compared to other newer anticoagulants affect bleeding risks in older people in US,† another study was brought up that reflected a doctor’s experience with newer drugs, dabigatran and rivaroxaban, that differ in many ways from warfarin, although dabigatran has some history of stomach distress. As the author suggests, docto rs need to be mindful of the pharmacokinetics and action mechanisms of the drugs when considering whether to prescribe them to patients. The article is a well-researched overview of how he made his discoveries and applications and also has a full list of resources that would also be helpful for your research to obtain more data. The two resources referenced here provide a good starting point for your future research regarding your mother’s condition and how to create search terms as well (Melnyk&Fineout-Overholt, 2011).